The graph shows the maximum and minimum forecasts obtained from experiments covering 32 climate models. Data for plotting the graph were provided by Maria Aleshina, junior researcher at the climatology laboratory of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Temperature change forecasts
with moderate CO2 exposure
with significant CO2 exposure

2030

2040

2050

2060

2070

2080

2090

2100

1.0

2.1

1.1

2.6

1.0

2.9

1.2

2.8

1.1

1.6

3.0

3.4

1.4

1.9

1.4

2.4

1.6

2.7

1.5

3.1

1.5

3.5

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.9

5.6

3.8

6.2

4.2

7.1

N.B. An error of even 1 degree is very serious. For example, the millenium's largest volcano eruption (Krakatoa) caused a change in the Earth's average temperature of 1.5°C.

Source: https://trainandbrain.ru/

Carbon dioxide emission should decrease by 55%,
which would require:

by 70%

reduction in coal consumption

by 30%

reduction in oil consumption

by 25%

reduction in natural gas consumption

Carbon accounting

Carbon capture and storage technologies are still quite expensive

Carbon sequestration and emission measurement systems
will be established at the carbon testing grounds

"Having our own carbon balance calculation system is the imperative of our time," Nikolay Durmanov,
a special representative of the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education
for environmental and biological safety and scientific director of the Ctrl2GO Group's
Carbon project, remarked.

Existing systems for estimating carbon footprint are based on a single approach.
To calculate the level of carbon sequestration is more difficult

IT market giants have begun investing in CO2 sequestration monitoring systems

Major producers from various countries are literally "competing"
to see who will present the most ambitious decarbonization project

The cost of capturing 1 tonne of emitted CO2 is expected
to drop to $40-57 over the next few years

Most carbon capture techniques are cost-efficient only in combination
with the company's main business

Global carbon emissions*

Construction

Industry

Coal production

Transport

Gas production

Oil production

Other

29%

23%

10%

9%

2%

5%

*Rating of CO2 emissions at energy consumption broken down by sector
Source: IEA

"Having our own carbon balance calculation system is the imperative of our time"

Nikolay Durmanov,

a special representative of the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education for environmental and biological safety and scientific director of the Ctrl2GO Group's Carbon project, remarked.

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Carbon farms

Carbon farming has become the most efficient way to absorb CO₂
emissions

Trees absorb CO₂ through photosynthesis process. The cost of capture is only $10-40 per tonne of CO₂

The cost of launching carbon farms is gradually decreasing worldwide

"Cyborg trees" can stand for 500 years

For a carbon farm to be cost-efficient, CO₂ capture cost must be at least $4-5 per tonne

14 million sq km of Russia's area can be farms absorbing harmful emissions

Russia has the world's largest resource of "green" areas, the financing of which represents a long-term trend
for 2020-2050.

14 million sq km

of Russia's area can be farms absorbing harmful emissions

Carbon credits

The growth of carbon credit price will make carbon farming
a super profitable business

In 2010, the price of credit to emit a metric tonne of CO₂ fell down to 5-10 cents

During 2020, the price of CO₂ emission credit went up by 30% surpassing the EUR 32 milestone.

In America and Asia, the price of carbon credits is lower than in Europe

"Anti-greenhouse" legislation will tend to become increasingly stringent all over the world

The number of large carbon credit trading systems will increase with every passing year.

Carbon emission credit prices at EU ETS *

*Prices are in EUR per 1 metric tonne of CO2 Trading at EU ETS had started in the spring of 2008 Prices as of mid-spring of each following year are given for comparison.
Source: https://ember-climate.org